autism
The term high-functioning autism was commonly used in the past to describe individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had average or above-average intelligence and fewer language delays. Today, this term is no longer used in clinical diagnosis due to changes in diagnostic standards and a better understanding of autism.
Changes in Autism Diagnosis
DSM-5 and Autism Spectrum Disorder
In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), removed separate diagnoses such as Asperger’s syndrome and labels like high-functioning autism. All related conditions were consolidated under autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This change reflects evidence that autism presents along a spectrum rather than as distinct categories.
Focus on Support Needs, Not Labels
Modern diagnostic criteria emphasize the level of support a person needs rather than perceived functioning. Intelligence or verbal ability alone does not accurately represent challenges with social communication, sensory processing, or daily living skills.
Why the Term Was Misleading
Inconsistent Meaning
There was no medical definition for high-functioning autism. Clinicians and families used it differently, which led to confusion and inconsistent care planning.
Overlooking Real Support Needs
Individuals labeled as high-functioning may still experience significant difficulties with executive functioning, emotional regulation, or social interaction. The term sometimes minimized these needs, affecting access to services and accommodations.
Current Language and Understanding
Autism Spectrum Disorder
ASD is now described using severity levels based on support needs in social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviors. This approach allows for more accurate, individualized treatment planning.
Person-Centered Care
Updated terminology supports individualized interventions, such as ABA therapy, by focusing on functional skills and real-world challenges rather than outdated labels.
Conclusion
The term high-functioning autism is no longer used because it lacked a clear definition and did not reflect the full range of support needs. Today, autism spectrum disorder focuses on individualized strengths, challenges, and levels of support to guide effective care.
Epic Minds Therapy provides evidence-based ABA therapy across North Carolina, using individualized, data-driven programs to support each child’s unique needs. Our team focuses on meaningful skill development, not outdated labels—helping families navigate autism with clarity and confidence.
FAQs
Q: Is high-functioning autism a diagnosis?
A: No. It is not a recognized medical diagnosis.
Q: Why was Asperger’s syndrome removed?
A: Research showed significant overlap with other autism diagnoses.
Q: Does removing the term change support eligibility?
A: Diagnosis now focuses on support needs, not labels.
Q: What term should be used instead?
A: Autism spectrum disorder with specified support levels.
Q: Can someone still use the term informally?
A: Some people do, but it is not used in clinical settings.
Sources:
- https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism
- https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
- https://childmind.org/article/what-is-applied-behavior-analysis/
