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What is the difference between autism and sensory processing disorder? Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition defined in DSM-5 by social communication challenges and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is when the brain struggles to process sights, sounds, textures, or movement. SPD is not officially listed in DSM-5 but is recognized by occupational therapists.
Overlap and Prevalence
Studies show 80–90% of autistic individuals also have sensory processing differences. But SPD can exist on its own, without the social and behavioral traits of autism.
Real-World Example
A child with SPD may cover ears at loud sounds yet socialize normally. A child with autism may react the same way but also struggle with conversations, routines, or social cues.
Conclusion
In short: autism is broader, involving communication and behavior, while SPD mainly affects how senses are processed. If your child shows both sensory sensitivities and social challenges, an evaluation can help. Contact Epic Minds Therapy to schedule an assessment and find the right support today.
FAQ
Q: Can someone have SPD without autism?
A: Yes. SPD can appear alone, with sensory issues impacting daily life, but without meeting autism’s social and behavioral criteria.
Q: Does having SPD always mean autism will follow?
A: No. While many autistic individuals have sensory differences (80–90 %), most with SPD aren’t autistic.
Q: How do therapists tell them apart?
A: Through a mix of developmental history, social-communication testing (for autism), and sensory assessments (for SPD).
Sources:
- https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24291-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-dsm-5
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/sensory-processing-disorder-spd
- https://doublecareaba.com/post/sensory-processing-disorder-vs-autism